'Industrial Manufacturing' Archive
The answer appears to be “no.” The marriage in question is the 25-year partnership between General Motors and Toyota Motor in a joint venture, New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. — widely known as NUMMI.
GM this week gave out a brief statement that it could not agree on future product plans with Toyota. The NUMMI plant makes the Pontiac Vibe sport wagon for GM, and production of the Vibe is set to end later this summer — well ahead of the scheduled phase-out of the Pontiac brand.
GM said its 50% interest in NUMMI would stay with “Old GM” — the bankrupt carcass of bad assets and debt that will be left behind when the company emerges from Chapter 11, which could be next week, if the Obama administration’s auto task force can muscle the company’s case through bankruptcy court. “New GM” may be out of bankruptcy reorganization in 40 or fewer days, which would top Chrysler Group’s record of 42 days.
At the NUMMI plant, which is hailed as a highly efficient American implementation of the vaunted Toyota Production System, the UAW-represented workforce makes Tacoma pickups and Corolla sedans for Toyota to sell in North America. What happens to the NUMMI plant now is a big question for Toyota and its new president, Akio Toyoda, the grandson of the automotive manufacturer’s founder.
As the global downturn in the automotive industry took hold last year, Toyota called a halt on completing its new plant in Mississippi, which was going to build the Prius hybrid. Rumors abounded that Toyota would convert NUMMI to Prius production in light of high demand for the third-generation Prius, one of the few car models in the world that’s garnering pronounced popularity. Toyota officially quashed those rumors, however.
Akio Toyoda has a thorny problem in pondering the fate of NUMMI. The factory has long outlived its purpose and value as an experiment in cooperative production. It’s not the traditional practice of the giant Japanese automotive manufacturer to shutter a factory, lock the doors, and throw away the key, as Chrysler and GM did with so many North American plants. (The sprawling NUMMI factory was a GM plant until it was closed in 1982.) Toyota doesn’t do big layoffs. NUMMI is the last car plant in California, it has a unionized workforce of some 4,700 employees, and it’s a highly visible employer in the San Francisco Bay Area. Pulling the plug on NUMMI would be a public-image nightmare for Toyota. Not that it would slow down sales of Toyota vehicles in the US any more than the recession already has, but it would be an international liability to the corporation’s image.
BTW, the NUMMI plant is a few miles north on the Nimitz Freeway from the Great Mall of the Bay Area — a facility that was a Ford Motor plant from 1955 to 1983 and which was redeveloped as a giant shopping mall in 1994. Maybe that could be the future of the NUMMI factory, as well, although the mall business isn’t what it used to be, either.
The fate of a storied German carmaker lies in the balance. No, we’re not talking about Adam Opel and the ongoing drama of GM Europe. The carmaker in question is Volkswagen.
For all the attention Fiat and GM Europe received in recent months, it should be noted that VW is Europe’s largest carmaker. With some 364,000 employees and annual sales of $160 billion, VW easily outpaces General Motors and Ford, and it is setting its sights on Toyota Motor in the quest for global automotive industry domination.
Porsche Automobil Holding emerged as VW’s controlling shareholder in this decade, and therein lies a tale of more family intrigue than Jon & Kate Plus 8. The families that control the two carmakers are descendants of Ferdinand Porsche, the creator of the original Volkswagen (”people’s car”) Beetle in the 1930s. The two clans have long disliked and distrusted each other. Until recently, the Porsche family appeared to have the upper hand over their Piëch family cousins, as Porsche Automobil took majority ownership in the much larger VW AG. Headlines on the theme of “David Defeats Goliath” abounded.
Since 2005 Porsche piled up VW shares and options for VW shares, and went to court to challenge Germany’s “Volkswagen Law,” which limited private ownership of the giant carmaker, a company that the German government regarded as a strategic industrial enterprise. Once the European Court of Justice struck down the law in 2007, Porsche really went to town on acquiring VW’s shares.
Last fall, Porsche executed some financial maneuvers that squeezed short sellers in VW’s stock, driving up the price of VW’s shares so high that VW briefly became the most valuable public company in the world. The Wall Street Journal proclaimed in a front-page headline: “As Giant Rivals Stall, Porsche Engineers a Financial Windfall.”
The downside of buying those VW options and shares was that Porsche basically tripled its corporate debt, from €3 billion to €9 billion (about $12.5 billion), just as the worldwide credit markets were collapsing. The result was that Porsche this spring had to go, hat in hand, to VW for an emergency loan of €700 million, then apply to the German government for a loan of €1.75 billion. Porsche currently is negotiating a capital infusion with the Qatar Investment Authority.
The way things are going at the debt-ridden Porsche, it looks like Goliath will best David in this match.
That’s how many days Chrysler (now rechristened Chrysler Group) spent in Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization — 42 days, or six weeks. The “quick” and “efficient” reorganization promised by President Obama came to an end this week, albeit with a quick run through the Supreme Court. (I know it’s not officially summer yet, but it’s already hot and dry in Texas.)
Fiat is running the show at Chrysler now, although the Italian carmaker owns just 20% of the restructured company. The UAW’s retiree health care trust now holds 55% of Chrysler. Ciao, Cerberus Capital Management!
Sergio Marchionne, the CEO of Fiat, sent a letter to all Chrysler employees in his new role as the CEO of Chrysler. (How can one man run two car companies? Hey, Carlos Ghosn’s been running both Nissan Motor and Renault for years.)
Hundreds of Chrysler dealers closed this week, as the US Bankruptcy Court approved the company’s petition to terminate immediately its dealership agreements with about one-quarter of its retail outlets.
Meanwhile, General Motors is marking its 10th day in Chapter 11, and they’ve been busy in the Ren Center, too. The company last week struck deals to sell the HUMMER brand to an obscure Chinese manufacturer of heavy construction equipment and to divest the Saturn brand to Penske Automotive Group. A deal to unload Saab Automobile may be close at hand, although Fiat is reportedly out of the running in that auction. The GM bankruptcy is going to take more than six weeks to complete; Labor Day weekend might be a realistic and somewhat ironic deadline.
What seemed improbable two months ago yet became very probable in the last week came to pass this morning: General Motors filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection from creditors this morning in New York City.
The news was accompanied by a statement from the White House by President Obama. The president said GM now has “a viable, achievable plan” to restructure its operations, and predicted the company will be able to “progress toward making better cars.”
In announcing its decision to go ahead with a bankruptcy reorganization, GM also laid out the details of North American plants that will be closed or furloughed in the coming months. Meanwhile, Delphi announced it is a step closer to emerging from Chapter 11, under which it’s been operating for nearly 44 months.
While GM is getting used to the US Bankruptcy Court in Manhattan, Chrysler shortly will be vacating the premises. Its emergence from Chapter 11 may be delayed by a few petitioners, but the judge hearing the case isn’t brooking any objections to the deal with Fiat.
A historic day, indeed, with the biggest industrial bankruptcy in US history. More history will be made if and when GM emerges from this reorganization.
Before we had to go to war against Germany again (just kidding!), news came today that there may be resolution of the General Motors situation in Europe. While European Commission ministers jawed in Brussels, GM got down to it with Magna International and cut a deal on control of Adam Opel and Vauxhall Motors.
All is still tentative (isn’t life in general?), but it looks like the deal would have Magna take a 20% stake in Opel/Vauxhall, GM keeps 35%, Sberbank of Russia gets a 35% slice, and 10% is held aside for Opel employees. Sberbank’s ownership could usher in a role in GM Europe for GAZ, the beleaguered Russian automaker. Fiat apparently gets shut out, eliminating one aspect of its plan for automotive world domination.
The Italian carmaker reportedly is one of the potential buyers for Saab Automobile. The other two bidders, according to news reports, are Koenigsegg Automotive, a Swedish manufacturer of high-performance cars, and The Renco Group, an American holding company.
Whatever happens on the Continent, the day of reckoning is at hand for GM. Some see the giant automotive manufacturer entering bankruptcy reorganization on Sunday or Monday. (If it’s Sunday, that may mean a Chapter 11 filing in Delaware, where the US Bankruptcy Court keeps weekend hours, but I’m sure the bankruptcy court offices in New York City would make an exception for what may be one of the biggest bankruptcy cases in US history.)
Meanwhile, the Chrysler saga is still playing at the US Bankruptcy Court in Manhattan; the company is hoping that after two days of marathon hearings, it could get the bankruptcy judge’s OK for its merger with Fiat today, or someday soon.